Problem 569

Problem # 569

Draw all resonance forms for each species.

For the anion and cation species, used curved arrows. For the radical species, use hooks.

Notice that arrows always go from high electron density to low electron density. So for negatively charged species, the arrow starts at the lone pair. For positively charged species, the arrow starts at the double bond and goes towards the positive charge.

(Radical resonance uses hooks instead of arrows and so is a little different.)