The trick to finding non-equivalent protons and carbons is to look for symmetry elements.

See the attached image (C13 NMR Signals) for examples. An asterisk is placed next to each type of carbon. You use a similar method to find unique protons.

Also check out NMR problems to see how this is applied in practice:
http://www.mendelset.com/category/subject-topics/organic-chemistry/nucle...